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“Torturers must never be allowed to get away with their crimes, and systems that enable torture should be dismantled or transformed,” says UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. The United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture observed annually on June 26, underscores the global commitment to the eradication of torture and the support of its victims. This day serves as a reminder of the pervasive and insidious nature of torture, a violation of human rights that persists in various forms around the world despite international laws prohibiting it. Torture remains a significant issue globally, employed as a tool of repression, interrogation, and punishment by state and non-state actors. The United Nations Convention Against Torture, adopted in 1984, unequivocally prohibits the use of torture under any circumstances. Despite this, numerous reports from human rights organisations highlight the continued prevalence of torture in many countries.

In recent years, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have documented extensive use of torture in conflict zones, authoritarian regimes, and during crackdowns on dissent. These reports reveal that victims of torture often face long-term psychological and physical trauma, requiring comprehensive rehabilitation and support services that are frequently lacking. Nigeria provides a stark example of the challenges and complexities involved in combating torture. Despite being a signatory to the Convention Against Torture and enacting the Anti-Torture Act in 2017, Nigeria has struggled with widespread allegations of torture and abuse by its security forces. The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) has been particularly notorious for its involvement in human rights violations. Amnesty International documented at least 82 cases of torture and extrajudicial execution by SARS officers between January 2017 and May 2020. These victims were often young men from low-income backgrounds, subjected to severe beatings, mock executions, and other forms of brutal treatment to extract confessions or as punishment. The EndSARS movement, which gained international attention in 2020, brought these abuses to the forefront, resulting in widespread protests across Nigeria. The government’s response included promises of police reforms and the disbandment of SARS, but activists argue that significant changes on the ground have been slow and inadequate.

The Nigerian military has also been implicated in torture and abuse, particularly in the context of the Boko Haram insurgency. Human Rights Watch reported that women and young girls who fled from Boko Haram were subjected to torture and ill-treatment in military detention facilities. Many detainees faced inhumane conditions, leading some to prefer returning to Boko Haram over enduring military detention. In a recent incident, the Nigerian army arrested two soldiers after a viral video showed them torturing a civilian. The move, part of a broader effort to improve discipline and professionalism under new military leadership, indicates a possible shift towards greater accountability. However, sustained and systemic reforms are needed.

The situation in Nigeria highlights several key lessons and recommendations for the international community and the Nigerian government. While Nigeria has laws against torture, their implementation remains weak. Strengthening legal frameworks and ensuring that they are effectively enforced is crucial. Establishing independent bodies to oversee and investigate allegations of torture is essential. This includes holding perpetrators accountable through fair trials and appropriate sanctions. Beyond legal reforms, there is also a need to raise awareness about the rights of individuals and the prohibition of torture. This can empower victims and the public to demand justice and reforms. Furthermore, the government should invest in comprehensive rehabilitation programs for victims, encompassing physical and psychological needs. Supporting survivor-led organisations can further empower victims to seek justice and rebuild their lives. International cooperation is also crucial. The international community can play a critical role by providing technical assistance, monitoring progress, and sharing best practices to strengthen Nigeria’s reform efforts. Moreover, holding violators accountable on the international stage can further deter torture.

The International Day in Support of Victims of Torture serves as a crucial reminder of the ongoing battle against torture worldwide. In Nigeria, despite some progress, significant challenges remain. By learning from international best practices and committing to genuine reforms, Nigeria can move closer to eradicating torture and ensuring justice and support for its victims. This day calls on all nations to reaffirm their commitment to human dignity and the absolute prohibition of torture.